Clinically, CD73 (NT5E) is over-expressed in a sizeable subset of HCC and associates with metastasis and poor prognosis, and early-phase anti-CD73 antibodies (e.g., oleclumab) have shown immune activation and tolerable safety in solid tumours (with combinatorial signals in non-HCC settings), motivating HCC-specific trials [42,43,44]. This evidence concerns the gene NT5E and hepatocellular carcinoma.