TLR4 and Sepsis: In studies identifying genetic variants’ impact on sepsis susceptibility and prognosis, Davenport et al. used comprehensive genomic approaches and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to discover 3795 cis-eQTLs and 171 trans-eQTLs in sepsis patients, involving key immune regulatory genes like TLR4 and TNF; these eQTLs are enriched in endotoxin-induced epigenetic marker regions, suggesting that genetic variants may influence host responses to infection through gene expression regulation.