In the conventional analysis, tHcy was strongly associated with NVAF after controlling for a number of the risk factors for (NV)AF [1,3,24,30,31,32,38,39,40,41] (by exclusion criteria and analytically), but with further adjustment for age and “Renal-BNP”, the association was lost (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and atrial fibrillation.