ESR1 and cancer: Table 1 presents the clinicopathological features of tumors stratified by molecular subtype. When statistically significant differences were observed among the groups, post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed using Bonferroni correction. Menopausal status differed significantly among the three groups, with a higher proportion of premenopausal women in patients with ER-positive cancer compared to those with HER2-positive tumors. (p ≤ 0.001).