PARP14 and colorectal carcinoma: To address these gaps, future research could: (1) validate hub genes in multi-ethnic cohorts and explore non-invasive detection (e.g., serum or fecal PARP14); (2) test PARP14 inhibitors (e.g., RBN012759) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice to evaluate effects on mucosal healing and CRC development [42]; (3) integrate microbiomics data to investigate interactions between PARP14 and gut microbiota [6].