This study identified key hub genes (TLR2, IFNG, CD163), transcription factors (FOXC1, GABPA, GATA2, SUPT5H), and microRNAs (hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-23a-5p, hsa-miR-26a-5p) that regulate ulcerative colitis progression through immune regulation and PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways. Here, IFNG is linked to ulcerative colitis.