Given that gold salts, including auranofin, inhibit the selenocysteine active sites of antioxidant enzymes [5,7,78], epidemiological observations in selenium-deficient populations of Kashin–Beck disease and Chagas disease could provide insight, as they report elevated levels of both ROS and TGFβ [79,80]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Chagas disease.