PARP1 and cervical cancer: Furthermore, our findings revealed that cepharanthine triggers apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, as evidenced through DAPI staining (cellular fluorescence) and qualitative flow cytometry analysis (Figure 2), along with Western blot analysis, which revealed elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, increased levels of cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase 3 proteins, and increased AMPK/p53 phosphorylation (Figure 6).