Lee et al. also reported that piperlongumine treatment could activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to induce apoptosis in breast cancer (MCF-7 and MCF-10A), increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio and ROS generation only in MCF-7 cells; MCF-10A cells did not show significant changes [45]. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is breast cancer.