STAT3 and melanoma: The results align with the findings previously documented by Fang et al. [31] and Liang et al. [32], who reported that cepharanthine could facilitate apoptosis in a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and SMMC-7721), which activated caspase-3 and inactivated JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation, even upregulating p53 and Bax in HNSCCs and melanoma [33,34].