Previous studies have shown that exposure to LPS at 1 μg/mL for 24 h caused endoplasmic reticulum stress by increasing the expression of the above inflammatory genes in mouse GCs [41], LPS at 0.1 μg/mL for 24 h increased the gene expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in cow GCs [42], and LPS at 10 μM for 24 h increased the expression of NLRP3, caspase1, and GSDMD in human granulosa-like tumor cell lines [43]. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.