There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the Non-MACE and MACE groups in terms of general clinical characteristics (including sex, age, smoking history, and family history), comorbidities (including hypertension, HLP, DM, and CKD), blood test results (including Hb, BUN, Cr, UA, TG, TCHO, HDL-C, and LDL-C), echocardiographic findings (including LVEF), and medication use (including statins, antiplatelet agents, ACEI/ARB, β-blockers, and Ca2+ channel blockers) (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans.