GSTM1 and chronic kidney disease: A comparison between the two groups revealed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in terms of general clinical characteristics (including gender, age, family history, and smoking history), comorbidities (hypertension, HLP, DM, and CKD), blood test parameters (Hb, BUN, Cr, UA, TG, TCHO, HDL-C), or medication use (statins, antiplatelet agents, ACEI/ARB, β-blockers, and calcium channel blockers).