In many cases, the presence of such co-morbidities not only restricts the use of certain agents due to contraindications but also actively supports the preferential use of specific medications with proven benefits in these settings (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors for patients with kidney disease or heart failure, and GLP-1 receptor agonists for those with established cardiovascular disease). This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and heart failure.