These cytokines and chemokines are associated with bone resorption in periodontal tissues, with PGE2 being the most potent stimulator of periodontal bone resorption, IL‐1 and TNF‐α initiating bone resorption in periodontitis, IL‐1 being the most powerful inducer of bone demineralization, and IL‐6 stimulating bone resorption while simultaneously suppressing bone formation [103]. Here, IL1B is linked to periodontitis.