NLRP3 and bacterial infectious disease: NLRP3 activation occurs in two steps [1]: the initiation step, where pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as LPS and cytokines such as TNF‐α, activate NF‐κB, leading to the upregulation of genes associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome [136], and [2] the activation step, initiated by PAMPs or DAMPs like ROS, bacterial infections, ion efflux, or mitochondrial damage, which leads to NLRP3 assembly and caspase‐1 activation [137].