Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters (different organ involvement, SLEDAI, presence of secondary Sjogren’s syndrome, disease duration since symptom onset, disease duration since diagnosis, plasma zonulin level, ESR, CRP, WBC, LYM, PLT, Hb, creatinine, anti-dsDNA ab, C3 and C4 plasma levels, and serum uric acid) for patients with SLE are shown in Table 2 and Table 3. This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.