ADP, Adenosine Diphosphate; COX-1/2, Cyclooxygen-ase-1/2; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; DM, diabetes mellitus; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MKP-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1; PKC-α/β, protein kinase C alpha/beta; TXA2, Thromboxane A2; VE-Cadherin, vascular endothelial cadherin; and p38-MAPK, mitogen-associated protein kinase 14. The gene discussed is DUSP1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.