HMGB1 also induces PARP1 self-modification, which promotes the interaction of PARP1 with LC3, which in turn triggers autophagy and, finally, chemotherapy resistance in small-cell lung cancer; therefore, HMGB1 may be a predictive biomarker of PARP1 response in small-cell lung cancer patients [14]. Here, PARP1 is linked to small cell lung carcinoma.