Critically, ruminal microbiota transplantation from mastitis cows to mice resulted in recipient mice developing mastitis symptoms along with increased mammary pro-inflammatory signature activation through TLR4-cGAS-STING-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways, establishing that the inflammatory cascade activation represents a conserved response to dysbiotic microbial signals regardless of the original microbiota source. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is mastitis.