The main differentials causing haematuria in PLWHIV can be divided into these broad categories: pathology affecting the glomerulus (such as HIVAN, focal segmental glomerulonephritis and immune complex mediated glomerulonephritis) [11]; cART toxicity; opportunistic infections depending on CD4 count (such as Tuberculosis, Schistosomiasis and Cytomegalovirus) and urological malignancies. Here, CD4 is linked to Opportunistic infection.