Notably, the carbohydrate-based inhibitor β-pectin has demonstrated clinical efficacy, particularly given that combined therapy involving β-pectin with the anti-PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1) antibody pembrolizumab demonstrated clinical activity in metastatic melanoma and head/neck squamous cell carcinoma [4,5]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is metastatic melanoma.