CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Wang et al. (2019) found that both PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors alone or in combination with chemotherapy improved progression-free survival in male patients (HR of 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58–0.77), with non-small-cell lung cancer; however, in female patients, monotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors did not improve progression-free survival (0.95, 95% CI: 0.77–1.18) [31].