In preclinical TCL models, Perera et al. demonstrated that CCR4-targeting CAR-T cells caused significant tumor lysis against multiple TCL cell lines, with superior efficacy observed in adult T cell leukemia (ATLL) and ALK-negative ALCL lines, concordant with CCR4 expression profiles in those diseases [186]. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.