In a systematic review comparing probiotic, symbiotic, and prebiotic supplementation in women with PCOS, symbiotic supplementation was associated with the greatest reduction in HOMA-IR, fasting blood sugar, and insulin levels, followed by probiotic supplementation and, lastly, prebiotic supplementation, though all supplementation was associated with benefits in terms of insulin sensitivity [68]. Here, INS is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.