VEGF also downregulates calpastatin (an endogenous calpain inhibitor that prevents the induction of pathogenic angiogenesis) expression in endothelial cells, which is observed during chronic inflammatory conditions, including cancers that exhibit altered angiogenesis or neoangiogenesis in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and VEGF [114]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is cancer.