ELANE and cystic fibrosis: In a pulmonary inflammatory environment, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), neutrophil elastase increases cytosolic Ca2+ and calpain-2 activation in murine alveolar macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) from patients with CF, which impairs their phagocytic potential by cleaving cytoskeletal proteins (Talin and Ezrin) (Figure 3A) [155].