In this study, we investigate the population-specific biomarker potential of NEEV-miRNAs in AD through three complementary approaches: (1) identifying differential expression (DE) patterns associated with cognitive impairment, (2) monitoring longitudinal expression changes with disease progression, and (3) assessing the impact of key covariates such as metabolic comorbidities (T2D, hyperlipidemia, hypertension), gender, APOE ε4 allele status, and age (Table 1). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is Cognitive impairment.