MTOR and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: Enhances autophagy through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/transcription factor signaling cascade, alleviates oxidative stress-induced senescence in NP cells, suppresses the expression of TNF-α-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitigating disc degeneration in rat IVDD models [138].Animal model data.