GFAP and Alzheimer disease: Blood-based proteins, including p-tau181, p-tau217, neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), are strongly associated with AD and all-cause dementia, showing high predictive accuracy (AUC ≈ 0.71–0.83) and improved performance when combined, especially p-tau217 with NfL or GFAP [388].