Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between GP lengths and MFS truncated at 20 years, adjusting for clinical-tumour stage (cT), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), percentage positive biopsies and the presence of invasive cribriform/intraductal carcinoma (CR/IDC).<h4>Results and limitations</h4>On multivariable analysis, ≥cT2, PSA, percentage positive cores and absolute length of GP4 and GP5 were all significantly associated with MFS. Here, KLK3 is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.