These included male sex (OR: 5.5, 95%CI: 2.04–14.86; p=0.001), tumor size (OR: 1.1, 95%CI: 1.05–1.14; p<0.001), compression of the optic chiasm and/or invasion of the cavernous sinuses (OR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.13–2.58; p=0.011), presence of visual field defects at diagnosis (OR: 5.74, 95%CI: 1.98–16.63; p=0.001), and prolactin levels at diagnosis (OR: 1.0, 95%CI: 1.00–1.00; p=0.001). The gene discussed is PRL; the disease is neoplasm.