Logistic regression analysis on the risk of HP infection revealed that in the unadjusted model (Model 1), HbA1c, BMI, FBG, and diabetes were all significantly positively associated with the target outcome (P<0.05), while Alb exhibited a significant negative correlation (OR = 0.94, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.92–0.96, P<0.001). Here, ALB is linked to diabetes mellitus.