ALB and diabetes mellitus: We further conducted multivariate logistic regression to validate that BMI (OR = 1.04, P<.001), HbA1c (OR = 1.19, P<0.001), FPG (OR = 1.07, P<0.05), and diabetes (OR = 1.44, P<0.01) are significant risk factors for H. pylori infection, while Alb (OR = 0.94, P<0.001) exhibits a protective effect.