IGHE and allergic disease: It is worth noting that, apart from allergies, total IgE levels are also influenced by a variety of other conditions, such as parasitic infections (Belhassen-García et al., 2014; Hamid et al., 2015; Yasuda & Nakanishi, 2018), immunodeficiencies (Boos et al., 2014; Tsilifis, Freeman & Gennery, 2021), and autoimmune diseases (De Oliveira et al., 2015; Kolkhir et al., 2017).