Oncolytic viruses (such as T-VEC) selectively lyse tumor cells to release DAMPs (such as CRT, HMGB1) and viral nucleic acids, triggering strong immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activating the cGAS-STING pathway, inducing a “viral mimic” state to enhance antitumor immunity (Mohseni et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and neoplasm.