To date, the role of PAR-3 in hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy has not been elucidated, despite evidence that inhibition of PAR-1 and PAR-2 — known interactors of PAR-3 — suppresses cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and in renin-overexpressing hypertensive mice (Fletcher et al., 2023; Narita et al., 2021; Yokono et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene REN and cardiac hypertrophy.