SOX9 and cancer: The SOX family is an important family of stem cell transcription factors, among which SOX9 is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, such as liver cancer (Ma X. L. et al., 2020), lung cancer (Olsen et al., 2021), breast cancer (Christin et al., 2020), Gastric cancer (Chen et al., 2023), etc. It is a downstream target of several embryonic signaling pathways and has a close relationship with vascularization (Faleeva et al., 2024), drug resistance (Tripathi et al., 2022), tumor proliferation (Liu Z. et al., 2022), metastasis (Qi and Li, 2020), and apoptosis (Shen et al., 2022).