SOX9 and osteoarthritis: This review elucidates the structure of SOX9 and its relationship with immune components from an immunological perspective, it analyzes the mechanisms by which SOX9 operates in tumor immune escape, inflammatory diseases and tissue repair (such as in osteoarthritis, OA), Furthermore, it introduces a novel immunological perspective by investigating the therapeutic potential and application strategies of SOX9 for treating tumors and inflammatory diseases.