For in tumor, numerous studies have demonstrated that SOX9 influences tumor resistance via multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT (Wang L. et al., 2020), Wnt/β-catenin (Ramakrishnan et al., 2023; Feng Q. et al., 2023), and TGFβ/Smad (Ma et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.