These favorable and context-dependent associations of immunoproteasome expression across tumor types are schematically summarized in Figure 4, which highlights both prognostic benefit (melanoma, bladder, TNBC, thyroid) and adverse or nuanced outcomes (e.g., Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with PSMD2 (Proteasome 26S Subunit Ubiquitin Receptor, Non-ATPase 2) upregulation), as well as key modulators such as IFN-γ, hypoxia, and STAT3 signaling. Here, PSMD2 is linked to thyroid gland disorder.