In the tissue ecosystem, despite frequent MHC-I loss in NSCLC, spatial multiplex imaging revealed that NK–CD8+ codensities and IFNγ+ lymphocyte neighborhoods co-localized with MHC-I+ tumor islands and were associated with improved survival, suggesting that NK–T-cell coordination serves as a compensatory axis when antigen presentation is regionally impaired (148). Here, IFNG is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.