Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which target molecules such as programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have shown significant benefits in improving overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.