IL1B and infection: In the in vivo infection model, the therapeutic effect of RPA was equally significant; specifically, it not only significantly alleviated lung inflammation in S. pneumoniae-infected mice (as evidenced by reduced lung tissue congestion and consolidation) and improved histopathological results but also decreased the release of inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and significantly improved pulmonary edema (as reflected by a decrease in the wet/dry weight ratio).