TGFB1 and Hypertension: Cardioprotective: Enhances eNOS/NO signaling, promoting vasodilation and reducing hypertension. Anti-inflammatory: Inhibits NF-κB and MAPK pathways, reducing cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6). Lipid Metabolism Regulation: Modulates PPAR-γ and NPC1L1 pathways, improving cholesterol homeostasis. Anti-fibrotic: Suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling, preventing myocardial and vascular fibrosis. Immunomodulatory: Regulates TLR4/NF-κB, balancing immune responses