In addition, the high prevalence of Pg in patients with NASH (Yoneda et al. 2012) and the fact that multiple chronic periodontopathogenic bacteria, including Pg, have been reported to be a risk factor for cirrhosis (Nagao and Tanigawa 2019) and that the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD correlates with antibody titers against the type 4 form of the fimA genotype of the Pg lineage gene (Nakahara et al. 2018). Here, JUP is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.