TLR4 and cancer: We selected 3 immune agonists with relevance to cancer immunotherapy following surgery or with surgical contamination: the STING pathway agonist CDA (a bacterial second messenger and cancer immunotherapy agent), the TLR4 agonist MPLA (Monophosphoryl Lipid A, a derivative of bacterial LPS), and the cytokine GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, myeloid cell mediated cancer immunotherapy).