2022; Yang et al. 2019; Mitchell et al. 2015; Kivimäki et al. 2017; Janghorbani et al. 2007). Our analysis also revealed that AF, DBP, T2D, and LDL are linked to the risk of VD, highlighting their crucial role in VD pathogenesis (Gottesman and Seshadri 2022). Age and APOE genotype remain the most significant risk factors for brain health and VD (Liu et al. 2013). Here, APOE is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.