Colocalization analysis revealed that in the hippocampus, P2X7R was more prevalent in astrocytes (P2X7R-GFAP overlap: 63% AD, 67% NC) than in microglia (P2X7R-Iba1 overlap: 9% AD, 7% NC; P2X7R-TMEM119 overlap: 7.5% AD, 3.5% NC; P2X7R-P2Y12R overlap: 4.9% AD, 7.2% NC; P2X7R-CD68 overlap: 5.1% AD, 5.0% NC (Fig. 3d, e). Here, TMEM119 is linked to Alzheimer disease.