Specifically, we identified a 10-protein IFNγ signature derived from the canonical Hallmark IFNγ pathway and IPA dataset; these proteins are key modulators of immune cell recruitment and activation (e.g. CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CD40) [30–33], inflammation (MMP12, PTX3) [34, 35] and immune tolerance (LAG3, IL11) [36, 37], underscoring the role of IFNγ in mediating anti-tumour immunity. This evidence concerns the gene MMP12 and neoplasm.