ESR1 and depressive symptom measurement: Linkage disequilibrium score regression and mendelian randomization analysis revealed 29 shared genomic loci in MDD and OA, such as estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), SRY‐Box Transcription Factor 5 (SOX5), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) gene, which may provide important information for the treatment of patients with both diseases simultaneously [10], suggesting that concomitant depression in OA patients exacerbates disease management challenges and increases overall disease burden.