We had previously shown that ApcMin/+ mice with the PLCεΔX/ΔX background exhibited marked resistance to intestinal tumorigenesis compared with those with the PLCε+/+ or PLCε+/ΔX background, which was characterized by inhibition of malignant progression of low-grade adenomas to high-grade adenomas9,16. This evidence concerns the gene PLCE1 and adenoma.