Multiplex immunofluorescence of these tumor tissues showed an increase in CD8 + T cells migrating from the stroma to the panCK+ tumor cell nests following ICT treatment, along with an increase in IFNγ in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and a concomitant enrichment in tumor cells expressing S100A9 and IFNGR1 (Fig. 3a–d and Supplementary Fig. S14). This evidence concerns the gene S100A9 and neoplasm.