Patients with AML harboring founder mutations such as NPM1 can lose these mutations at relapse after VEN-based therapies [108], patients treated with FLT3i and IDHi triplets similarly appear more likely to relapse without persistence of these mutations [50, 51, 71], and more intense cytarabine-based backbones appear to reduce the frequency of emergent FLT3-ITD at relapse [109, 110]. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.