Recently, researchers have identified two new subpopulations of neutrophils, CD10-CD64+PD-L1+ and CD10-CD64+CD16low/-CD123+, which show specificity in distinguishing between sepsis and sterile inflammation.344 Utilizing single-cell and spatial omics technologies to explore the heterogeneity and functional subgroups of macrophages can guide more refined macrophage immunotherapy for the clearance of resistant bacteria. The gene discussed is FCGR1A; the disease is Sepsis.