IFNG and inflammatory bowel disease: At the level of cytokine signaling, the prominent role of IFNγ as a driver of intestinal epithelial regeneration is unexpected,26,29 in contrast with the established contribution of IL-10 to the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease.74–78 However, unlike the immunomodulatory function of IL-10, which may support intestinal repair through indirect mechanisms (such as reduced damage), its direct effects on the intestinal epithelium are poorly understood.74–78 Our results revealed distinct growth factor-like properties of both cytokines, which, when combined, potently promoted organoid growth.