TGFB1 and allergic disease: In contrast, Th2 cells differentiate in response to IL‐4 and are mainly involved in humoral immune responses, with significant implications in allergic diseases.[31] Th17 cells, driven by transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) and IL‐6, play a crucial role in host defense against extracellular pathogens by mediating protective inflammatory responses.[32] Regulatory T cells (Tregs), induced by IL‐10 and TGF‐β, are essential for maintaining immune tolerance to self‐antigens and suppressing excessive immune activation.