Additionally, a retrospective analysis by Qeadan et al. found that, among individuals with type 2 diabetes, treatment with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or GLP-1 RA was linked to reduced incidence of opioid overdose in those with OUD and fewer alcohol intoxications in those with AUD [31]. While these findings suggest a potential protective effect of GLP-1 RA, the retrospective design of these studies limits the ability to infer causality. Here, GLP1R is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.