CytoNCA plug-in analysis showed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (degree = 9) may be the key pathway in the treatment of bladder cancer by COP (Fig. 5B), and AKT1 (degree = 12), GSK3B (degree = 10), CASP3 (degree = 10), TNF (degree = 8) and CCND1 (degree = 8) were considered to be the main hub targets (Table 3). Here, TNF is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.